溶液法合成的功能无机材料氧化镍对钙钛矿太阳能电池光电性能的影响

功能无机材料氧化镍 （NiO_x） 作为钙钛矿太阳能电池中最有前途的空穴传输材料之一，其有着高空穴迁移率、良好的稳定性、易于加工以及适合的费米能级等优点。但是，由于 NiO_x自身固有电导率低，Ni空位的电离能相当大，未掺杂的 NiO_x中空穴密度受到很大限制，加上孔洞的积累增加了载流子复合的可能，从而降低了有效的电荷收集。因此，优化 NiO_x薄膜的成膜质量是解决上述问题的关键。本文通过溶液法使用乙二醇甲醚（MEA）、乙醇（EA）和去离子水作为溶液，分别制备了 DME-NiO_x、EA-NiO_x 和 NCs-NiO_x 薄膜，并在浓度调节范围内对基于 NiO_x的钙钛矿器件进行优化，最终得到了光电转化效率 （PCE） 为 18.50%，开路电压 (V_oc) 为 1.034 V，短路电流 (J_sc) 为 22.94 mA/cm²，填充因子 （FF） 为 78% ...     

Configurational Isomers Induced Significant Difference in All-Polymer Solar Cells

The design of polymer acceptors plays an essential role in the performance of all-polymer solar cells. Recently, the strategy of polymerized small molecules has achieved great success, but most polymers are synthesized from the mixed monomers, which seriously affects batch-to-batch reproducibility. Here, a method to separate γ-Br-IC or δ-Br-IC in gram scale and apply the strategy of monomer configurational control in which two isomeric polymeric acceptors (PBTIC-γ-2F2T and PBTIC-δ-2F2T) are produced is reported. As a comparison, PBTIC-m-2F2T from the mixed monomers is also synthesized. The γ-position based polymer (PBTIC-γ-2F2T) shows good solubility and achieves the best power conversion efficiency of 14.34% with a high open-circuit voltage of 0.95 V when blended with PM6, which is among the highest values recorded to date, while the δ-position based isomer (PBTIC-δ-2F2T) is insoluble and cannot be processed after parallel polymerization. The mixed-isomers based polymer, PBTIC-m-2F2T, shows better processing capability but has a low efficiency of 3.26%. Further investigation shows that precise control of configuration helps to improve the regularity of the polymer chain and reduce the π–π stacking distance. These results demonstrate that the configurational control affords a promising strategy to achieve high-performance polymer acceptors.     

二次喷丸诱导应力及变形工程预测方法

为建立二次喷丸的等效分析方法,在单次喷丸诱导应力及饱和度已知的情况下,进行金属零件二次喷丸的诱导应力和变形的工程预测.以单次喷丸的饱和度曲线为分析基础,讨论了二次喷丸饱和度与喷丸时间的变化规律.用正弦函数的形式表达喷丸诱导应力,并建立了零件的平均诱导应力和饱和度之间的关系.结果表明:针对弹丸尺寸不同的二次喷丸过程,进行了基于多弹丸随机喷丸技术的有限元仿真,得到的喷丸诱导应力与理论结果相差5％左右;针对喷丸压力不同的二次喷丸过程,使用标准阿尔门试片进行了喷丸试验,试片变形与理论结果相差3％左右.仿真和试验结果均表明提出的预测方法有效、准确,可较好地预测二次喷丸后零件的残余应力和变形.     

并流控速沉淀法制备纳米α-Bi2O3及其光催化降解苯酚性能研究

以五水合硝酸铋为铋源,氢氧化钠为沉淀剂,通过简单易操作的并流控速沉淀法合成了α-Bi2O3纳米颗粒.同时,利用XRD和SEM分析了所获产品的结构与表面形貌.并选用苯酚作为模拟污染物,利用LC3000型高效液相色谱仪对其进行色谱分析,探究了所合成的纳米α-Bi2O3光催化剂的催化性能.当苯酚的质量分数为100μg·g?1、pH=8、α-Bi2O3投加量为60 mg·L?1时,可见光照射180 min,降解率可达92.6％.通过自由基捕获实验发现,在α-Bi2O3光催化降解苯酚体系中主要活性物种为羟基自由基.